Leadership And Service Improvement Management Essay

Leadership And Service Improvement Management Essay The study of leaders and leadership has led to many competing theories which attempt to distill the essence of great leadership into its component parts, to allow others to acquire some of these attributes, and become more effective leaders. The very earliest theories on leadership tended to assume that leaders were born, and that leadership was not a skill, or set of skills that could be acquired. The overall impression was that Great Men had inherited leadership qualities from their ancestors, which would make them effective leaders when placed in positions of authority (Kirkpatrick and Locke 1991). This is not a very helpful way to look at leadership, and does nothing to assist students of leadership in their efforts to become better leaders themselves. It is not, though a great leap from identifying natural leaders to identifying which parts of their character or personality mark them out from others. This underpins the Trait theories of leadership. Trait theory was studied extensively in the mid part of the 20th Century, and had a wide range of results. Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991) explain that trait theory made no assumptions as to the origins of the traits studied, but simply highlighted the differences between leaders and non-leaders. In 1974, Stodgill published the results of his studies of leadership theory, and identified 22 traits and skills which are present to varying degrees in the individuals studied. This did not show how individuals could become better leaders, but, the identification of leadership as a skill has been vital in the subsequent development of leadership training. He himself ultimately concluded that A person does not become a leader by virtue of the possession of some combination of traits. (Stodgill 1948 cited in Levine 2008) McGregor (2005) looked at leadership behaviours as relating to underlying traits or world views. They examined the ways in which managers and leaders approached a task, and tried to understand the motivating factors. McGregror (1960) felt there were two major theories of human motivation which lay behind the actions of the leaders he studied. His theories were labelled X and Y. Theory X assumes that the average human being inherently dislikes work, and therefore must be coerced to perform at the required level. The motivating factors here are extrinsic. Theory Y assumes that work is a natural part of life, as much as is play or rest, and intrinsic motivation is key. This intrinsic motivation can be viewed as an expression of the Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow 1943) The work of McGregor informed the production of methods to map leadership behaviours. Blake and Mouton (1964) plotted concern for production against concern for people. This produces a helpful framework for mapping behaviours, but it is rather passive in form, and seems mainly useful for reflection or critique, to inform future endeavours. It does not necessarily inform leaders of what behaviour is best suited to the group they are working with at a particular time. Action centred leadership was proposed as a leadership model by Adair (1973). His time in the Army and work as a trainer at the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst led him to develop a model that considers three domains; Task, Team and Individual. He argues that each domain requires the attention of a leader, but the relative importance of each will vary. The relationship of these domains is represented by a venn diagram: Task needs Team maintenance needs Individual needs This model then details the areas a leader should address in each domain: Task: Practical managerial concerns, for example creating a plan, monitoring performance Team: Facilitating group working by agreeing standards of behaviour, resolving group conflicts etc. Individual: Ensuring individuals are performing as well as possible by supporting through challenges, allocating work according to strengths etc. There is considerable overlap and interaction between each of these domains, and it is argued that attention to each domain is required for a balanced team. The key feature of this model which made such an impact was providing a practical framework which allowed leaders to combine some of the softer skills of leadership with more managerial traits of time management and task focus. Situational / Contingency Theories of Leadership The studies of leadership discussed above have all looked at leaders and leadership behaviour and described them, allowing leaders to analyse their behaviour. The theories above, over time have been developed to include a degree of dynamism, but were initially descriptive exercises. It was the recognition that there was not necessarily on right way of leading that prompted thinking about the possibility of adaptive styles of leadership (Schermerhorn 1997). The study of leadership in different situations and settings, and the observation that the most effective style of leadership changed with respect to situational variables led to situational leadership models. The earliest described was the Contingency Model (Fiedler 1964). This model relies on a self-rated scale to determine a preferred leadership style. Fiedler then studied working conditions, and described them through three variables: Leader-member relations how willing team members trust and will follow a leader Task structure: how well defined a task is, or if it follows a standard procedure Position Power: the extent of the rewards and punishments a leader has available. Through his studies, Fiedler constructed a visual guide to represent his findings about which type of leader was most effective given the situational variables. The model states that leaders with high LPC scores should work with teams where the situation is moderately favourable. The more task focused leaders will be more effective in situations which are either very favourable or unfavourable to the the leader. This model has been studied extensively and has received both criticism (Ashour 1973) support (Strube and Garcia 1981). A major source of controversy in this model is the LPC. One important point to note is that Fiedler felt leaders would find their behaviour difficult to alter, and organisations should therefore pick the correct leader for a given team. This is in contrast to other models which suggest leaders should be adaptable. The Hersey-Blanchard (1969) model of situational leadership looks at a different variable in the team context; the maturity of followers. The underlying assumption is that a leader should adopt a style of leadership which reflects the needs of the team. This is in direct contrast to Fiedlers (1964) assertion that organisations should pick leaders given the favourability of the situation. In this model, a two by two grid which is very similar to the Blake Mouton (1964) Managerial Grid, is used to describe four leadership styles: S1: Telling (low relationship, high task) S2: Selling (high relationship, high task) S3: Participating (high relationship, low task) S4: Delegating (low relationship, low task) There is an accompanying scale which rates the team a leader is concerned with: M1: Low competence, and low commitment M2: Low competence, and high commitment M3: High competence with low/variable commitment M4: High competence and high commitment The M score for maturity of the team members was developed over time, and was later divided to reflect job and psychological maturity (Hersey and Blanchard 1982). Job maturity is the ability or capacity to perform the task in hand. Psychological maturity indicates motivation. The model has received criticism from a theoretical standpoint, and from empirical research. Graeff (1983) claims that the maturity scale is invalid, as it classifies workers who have skill and are unmotivated (M3) as more mature than those who lack skill but are dedicated to a task(M2). He also argues that the additive nature of job and psychological maturity in the model is invalid. He supports this view by suggesting that in tasks where skill requirements are low, motivation has a much greater importance. One study into the model concluded that, because high follower maturity did not obviate the need for supervision, their results lent very little support to the model (Cairns et al 1998). This study though had methodological flaws, a skewed population, and did describe some support for aspect of the SLT model. The practical application of this model relies on the ability of the leader to determine the maturity of their followers, and reflect this in their leadership style. Perhaps the most important aspect of the model is the recognition that leadership styles are not fixed, and leaders can change their approach to suit a given team or individual. In modern healthcare settings, there has been a change in the nature of teams. There is no longer a stable, small, hierarchical team. Instead, teams form and disperse on an almost shift-by-shift basis. To lead effectively in this environment, it is necessary to be adaptable, and be able to support team members to realise their potential. The models described above illustrate that there is no one best way to lead a team. Instead, by appreciating the different situations, individuals and tasks involved, leaders stand a better chance of forming teams which can cope with the varying demands of the modern NHS. Perhaps Goleman (2000, p.4) has argued this most eloquently through his work which revealed that the most effective leaders do not rely on only one leadership style; they use them seamlessly and in different measure depending on the business situation. Service Improvement Methods: The literature describes a large number of service improvement methods which have been applied in some form to healthcare settings. Most service improvement methodologies that have been implemented in healthcare have been adopted from industry, where the driving force is to maximise profits for shareholders. The adoption of industrial techniques for service and quality improvement has often met with a degree of resistance from the medical profession (Moss and Garside 1995) and from the health sector as a whole. This has been attributed to the professional nature of healthcare, which involves large numbers of autonomous, independent practitioners who often place independence of clinical decision making at the heart of their operating values. (Degeling et al 2003) Recently though, there has been a recognition within the medical profession of the need to drive up standards in healthcare, and to focus on overall quality of care, rather than just direct clinical activity. Included in most definitions of quality is efficiency of healthcare delivery. This focus on efficiency is built on the growing recognition that publicly funded healthcare systems need to be accountable for the expenditure they make. (Donabedian 1988) It is in the context of increased demands for efficiency, increasing burden of chronic disease, and ever increasing expectations from the users of the health services that service improvement tools have started to be implemented on a wider scale than ever before. Systematic approaches to service improvement have been in existence for a long time. Taylor published his Principles of Scientific Management in 1911 after many years of employing what are now known as time and motion studies to various industrial processes. His approach was much criticised for giving too much power to managers, and its use was even banned by the American Senate in defence establishments for relying too heavily on command and control leadership (Mullins 2005a). However, his methods produced great improvements in efficiency, and he made an argument about systems which is still valid today: The remedy for this inefficiency lies in systematic management rather than in searching for some unusual or extraordinary man.(Taylor 1911) Total Quality Management This approach to systematic improvement was developed by Deming during his work with Japanese manufacturers in the aftermath of World War II. He was initially concerned with teaching statistical control methods to Japanese manufacturers to improve efficiency. However, he adjusted his teaching to focus on the process, rather than individual performance, and emphasised the need for good management and a collective push for optimisation. He published his recommendations for industry, government and education, which set out his 14 points for management in the seminal work Out of the Crisis (Deming 1986). TQM is more than a technique or set of tools for improvement, and can be described as a way of life for an organisation as a whole, committed to total customer satisfaction through a continuous process of improvement and involvement of people. (Mullins 2005b) TQM has been utilised in healthcare since the early 1990s, and aspects of it are increasingly being employed today. It is often the tools associated with the approach which are used, rather than the wholesale systems change originally described, and this lack of clarity regarding the true nature of what is called TQM has contributed to a lack of clear evidence of benefit. (Øvretveit and Gustafson 2002) Where the whole package of TQM has been implemented, results have been mixed, but there are numerous examples of where certain elements have shown benefit. The most commonly employed techniques derived from TQM are statistical control methods, and the PDSA cycle. Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) Alongside his work on TQM, Deming is credited as being one of the key proponents of the PDSA (or PDCA) cycle. This cycle of learning, implemented as a quality improvement tool had been taught by Shehwart (1939) whilst Deming was working with him. Deming took this knowledge to Japan and it formed part of his work on TQM (Hossain 2008). The cycle reflects Kolbs learning cycle (1973), and is a tool for testing changes, and reacting to the results. It can be seen as either a standalone tool for change, as part of a larger system of change, or as a key part of a philosophy for wide-scale change across an organisation.(Cleghorn and Headrick 1996) The PDSA cycle consists of four parts: Plan: The objective of the test must be defined, and a method of data collection must be incorporated. Do: The planned change to a process is carried out, with concurrent data collection Study: The data is analysed, compared with predicted outcomes, and a summary of learning is produced. Act: The conclusions from the data are utilised, and used to inform the next plan. The underlying rationale for the PDSA cycle lies in systems theory. Systems theory implies that small scale changes within a system can create large results. The PDSA cycle is useful for testing small changes, and reflecting on the effects before either applying them across a whole system, or making further changes (Berwick 1998). When linked together, PDSA cycles can be used to drive up quality. This approach of multiple linked cycles and this approach of multiple linked PDSA cycles is used in the Model for Improvement, the rapid cycle model of change, and the collaborative approach (Langley et al 2009, 1992; Institute for Healthcare Improvement 2003). In contrast with small PDSA schemes within a team or organisation, the collaborative approach uses multiple PDSA cycles within separate organisations, whilst aiming for improvement in a shared area of care: The PDSA model, when used within the model for improvement, or as a chain of cycles within a single team is a clear, simply understood, but powerful tool for implementing change, and improving quality. Its strength lies in its ability to be applied to small scale changes, but achieve significant results. From an organisational point of view, the relatively small amount of resource which is required to test each hypothesis makes this model very attractive. Processes can be studied with little disruption of everyday activity, and if the results are not favourable, learning can continue without significant loss to the organisation. In clinical processes, the PDSA cycle is an excellent tool for testing hypotheses, especially where evidence may be lacking and inaction seems inappropriate, but action without reflection sees un-wise (Berwick 1998) The smaller, more local focus of PDSA cycles, and small resource requirements make this model particularly accessible to staff of all levels, and as the engagement of frontline staff, and in particular doctors has been shown to be a key factor in the success of change in the healthcare setting, this is a major strength. (Greenhalgh et al 2004 and Øvretveit 2005) The incorporation of the PDSA cycle into wider schemes of change management brings additional complexity, and also invites additional problems. There have been varied results in the implementation of the collaborative approach within healthcare as a service improvement tool. Some studies report great success (Monteleoni and Clark 2004; Schonlau et al 2005) while others (Newton et al 2007) found that there were difficulties using the same model. The major difficulties identified were lack of adequate resources, the conceptual difficulties associated with the model, and poor leadership. A recent review concluded that there is currently no evidence about the long term results or cost effectiveness of collaboratives compared with other models. (Øvretveit 2002). Toyota Production System (TPS) / Lean One approach to service improvement which is being applied with growing enthusiasm within the NHS is Lean. Lean thinking and theory emerged from studies of the manufacturing processes at Toyota. The term was first used in the late 1980s and the approach grew in stature after the publication of The Machine that Changed the World (Womack et al 1990). Lean was not originally a single tool or approach, but instead was a philosophy to which all members of an organisation aligned themselves. This whole systems approach is probably now better recognised at the Toyota Production System (Liker 2003). The success of Lean/TPS has led to a proliferation of schemes which fall under the umbrella of Lean thinking but do not necessarily hold to the original principles. The TPS was developed in the 1950s in Japan, and was first published in English in 1977 by Sugimori et al. The system has been studied extensively, but many organisations, despite implementing the principles behind the TPS, have not achieved the efficiencies and quality that Toyota exhibit. (Spear and Bowen 1999). There have been many attempts to reduce the TPS to a method which can be applied in many settings, but as Sutherland and Bennett (2007) state, such a complex process cannot be adequately documented. They suggest that instead, to understand the system, one must learn from mentors, much like a child learns and forms habits from their parents. Liker (2003) sets out 14 principles of the TPS, but for the purposes of this assignment, three will be examined: 1. The thorough elimination of waste (muda) 2. Jidoka or the primacy of quality 3. Kaizen continuous incremental improvement Ohno (1988) identifies 7 wastes (muda) which should be eliminated from any system. These are: Overproduction production of more than is required for immediate use Delay / Waiting any delay between the end of one process, and the start of another. Unnecessary transportation of materials Overprocessing using more energy than required for a given process, or exceeding the agreed specification Excess inventory any raw materials or work in progress in excess of customer requirements. Motion any unnecessary movement of workers, eg. reaching / stretching. Defects any process or work that results in unacceptable goods These wastes have immediate equivalents in most healthcare settings, and underpin a lot of the efforts in healthcare which are labelled as Lean. From these definitions many techniques for identifying waste have been developed. The NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement (NHSIII) has developed a series of products known as the Productive Series which use the elimination of waste to improve healthcare. The tools used in the productive series are often taken directly from industry (NHSIII 2007), and include some elements which date back as far as the Scientific Methods described by Taylor (1911). Jidoka is defined by Toyota (2010) as automation with a human touch. When applied to a manufacturing context, this emerges as the principle that a process should continue unless a defect is noted. Once that defect has been detected, work should stop until the problem is solved. This principle ensures in manufacturing that if a machine or worker detects a problem, or a process issue, the line is stopped, a solution introduced and, vitally, incorporated into the standard workflow. In this way, the defect should not arise again. The early detection of defects on a production line, and the empowerment of workers to raise the alarm if defects occur also reduces waste. It is unfortunate that, although many principles of the TPS/Lean system are implemented in healthcare, it is often this concern for detecting problems and creating solutions which are incorporated into standard work which fails to be introduced. One reason cited for this area failing to be implemented is that clinical care c annot stop, in in this respect, clinicians feel methods for producing widgets cannot be applied to the art of healing (Wilson et al 2001). There are examples of where this concept has been introduced, into the healthcare environment, with clear evidence of improvements (Ballà © and Rà ©gnier 2007), but a recent paper argues that more could be done (Grout and Toussaint 2010) Kaizen is the culture of continuous, incremental improvements to a system (Imai 1986). This cultural philosophy of scientific experimentation, conducted at the lowest possible level in the organisation, is held up by Spear and Bowen (1999) as one of the key elements of the success of the TPS, and as a key stumbling block for others who seem unable to replicate Toyotas success. This philosophy, combined with other unwritten rules combine to create a community of scientists, who engage in experimentation to solve problems. These problems are often on a small scale, and the process closely follows the PDSA cycle. When this principle of widespread, incremental change is adopted across an organisation, with recognition of the value of tacit knowledge, it is possible for a learning organisation to emerge (Howells 1996). In conclusion, there are many approaches to leadership and service improvement which are being used in the healthcare setting today. Use of an adaptive model, which allows a leader to change management style depending on the team they are leading, and the task in hand, is most appropriate for leaders of modern medical teams, in a large part due to the very flexible nature of the teams involved. The application of industrial quality improvement techniques to healthcare has great potential, and successful trials have been conducted. However, a common feature discussed in analyses of obstacles to implementation is the engagement of medical professionals. Through the use of effective leadership, and engagement of these key stakeholders, it is possible to lay the foundations for a learning organisation. A learning culture which is open to the possibilities of change through quality improvement strategies will ultimately be the most fertile environment in which to implement change for a be tter quality of care.

Theme of “Young Goodman Brown”

Theme of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† was written by Nathaniel Hawthorn, one of the most talented American novelists and storytellers of the Romantic Age. He was affected deeply by Puritanism and Mysticism so that he formed a suspicious attitude towards the world, just like in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. This story is really short but the content of the story is meaningful. Hawthorn has an allegory technique in fiction writing and shows a strong tendency toward symbolism. He uses the profound symbolism and delicate descriptions of the characters’ minds to convey the distinguished thematic meanings.The main idea throughout Hawthorn’s works is digging out the â€Å"evil† hidden in human soul. As a result, the most prominent theme of this short story is that evil is the nature of mankind: â€Å"We see a man who began to doubt, with some reason, the goodness of his own family, which led him to doubt the goodness of all m en, until he concluded that, â€Å"Evil is the nature of mankind,† words uttered by the devil, who represents the dark side of Brown’s nature† (Thomas 336). Hawthorn describes the characters and plots to represent other things and symbolically express a deeper moral meaning.His words are so exquisite that every character, setting and plot results in crisp and sharp theme. The plot of the forest journey is the most important part to confirm the theme. This is not a journey, but it is the experience of searching and exploring the evil of human nature. Brown is a young, pure, and good person. After he marries Faith, he is tempted to join a devil’s party, and promises to his wife he will be back home in the early morning. Faith tries to persuade him to stay, but he refuses. Brown looks at Faith’s pink ribbon hat before he leaves.After Brown enters the forest for a while, he is struggling and wanting back home. The reason is he does not want to hurt his wife—Faith. However, he hears Faith’s voice and sees the pink ribbon hat. He is soon at the destination, he was astonished to find that he normally respected person also come to the party. The worst is that Brown fines his wife there also. Hawthorn says that the experience might be a dream, but Brown feels agony and is suspicious of everyone around him, including his wife. Obviously, no matter if the journey is real, the psychological impact to Brown is affirmative.Xianzhun Zhu thinks his experience leads him to realize that evil is indeed very widespread and existent in his world. The forest journey seems to be not a real forest journey, but only an inward journey into the black, despairing depths of Brown’s soul. With the description of forest journey strengthens the theme of the story that â€Å"Evil is the nature of mankind† (Zhu 60). These settings, including the time, place and environment factors in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† play a signifi cant role in expressing the theme. First, the story happens at night and Brown backs to Salem village the next morning.Brown sees the sin of human at night and feels desperate. On the contrary, nothing is changed after he backing to village next morning. The time of night and morning form a contrast, embodying the sin and good respectively. Also, there are many description of scene in the story especially for the dark of the night. However, these descriptions highlight the darkness and mysterious, such as â€Å"dark night,† â€Å"big black snake,† â€Å"black pine,† â€Å"great wall of dense dark† and â€Å"dark human figure. † They also gave a dark atmosphere of Brown’s future life and tragic ending. In addition, the story happened in a forest. The forest may equate with temptation and sin. Clearly Brown is uneasy about venturing upon this temptation. But as any sinner might think, he seems to say, â€Å"just this once, and then† So the forest itself is a complex symbol in which nature, sin, and danger are ambiguously and richly combined† (Zhu 59). People always associate the mentioning of a dark forest with evil. Setting of forest should the best choice to represent the theme. What is more, â€Å"He had taken a dreary road, darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest, which barely stood aside to let the narrow path creep through, and closed immediately behind. Obviously, the dark and dreary road, narrow path and closed the way behind means Brown is surrounded by evils and he cannot return any more. One of the features in †Young Goodman Brown† is that every character has symbolic meaning. This is an important foundation to express the theme. Goodman Brown, Faith and fellow-traveller are three main heroes in the story. The symbolic meaning of Goodman Brown and Faith is kind of the satire of human nature. The name â€Å"Goodman† is a commonplace honorific for persons, it means Good man Brown is a person who is kindly and good.Hawthorne’s use of â€Å"Young† shows that Brown is vivid and optimistic. Also, his last name, Brown, is also a kind of color. It points just as the young man’s affinities with the gloomy and dark forest where most of the story takes place, the strange world outside the settled village (Zhu 58). Furthermore, Faith as Brown’s wife, represents religious faith and faith in mankind. It is symbolic of Brown’s faith that he gradually loses and he doubts more and more the existence of any goodness in man (Thomas 332).The character of Faith demonstrates the great painful inner struggling and confuses between the good and evil. As a result, Brown losses Faith and his faith at last. On the contract of the meaning of his name, Goodman Brown has a tragic ending. These two settings satire that good is not human nature, but is evil. Finally, Fellow- traveller has symbolic meaning of devil and he tries to persuade Brow n to turn to evil. Brown thinks he is the first person went into the woods on such an errand in his family. However, Hawthorne mentions that he looks like Brown’s father and they are friends.It exposes that Brown’s father and grandfather also has an evil side. Brown’s family is more powerful to make Brown in despair. Overall, the character of fellow-traveller has more powerful demonstration of evil is the nature of mankind. In conclusion, Hawthorne is a writer with an outstanding skill on symbolic technique. His unique style makes his works more special and enhances readability. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a simple story but yet is allegorical and symbolic, too. Hawthorne bases on the theme of morals exploring the evil of human nature.The symbolic meaning in all the characters and symbolism in the time and place the story happens makes a deeper moral theme, that evil is nature of mankind. He also describes the tragedy of human that has negative attitude s to sinful nature. Brown’s negative attitude leads him is gloomy in his whole life. Works Cited Zhu, Xian-chun. â€Å"Allegory And Symbolism In Hawthorne's Young Goodman Brown. † US-China Foreign Language 6. 1 (2008): 58-60. Academic Search Complete. Web. 9 Nov. 2011. Walsh Jr. , Thomas F. â€Å"The Bedeviling Of Young Goodman Brown. † Modern Language Quarterly 19. 4 (1958): 331. Academic Search Complete. Web. 9 Nov. 2011

What Does Samples of Definition Essay Mean?

What Does Samples of Definition Essay Mean? The Fundamentals of Samples of Definition Essay Revealed In some instances, however, a person may not figure out how to realize the presence of a house in her or his life, but one will never doubt when admitting to owning a house in the event of having found one. There are many terms we use every single day. In the usa, studies reveal that 20% of students started cheating in the very first grade. Aside from the fact that it may be quite challenging to discover an illustration of definition essay which will be of any use, which in itself is an excellent reason not to use them, you stand the chance of being found out for plagiarism. Using Samples of Definition Essay To begin with, your key to winning essay is a very clear comprehension of what it is that you're likely to handle. Understanding how to begin an essay is even harder as you must find the proper inspiration to write. Writing a satisfactory and readable essay is something that everybody would like to achieve. A definition essay outline will change in length depending on the term one is describing. Define by just what the term doesn't mean. It is critical that you decide on a word that will supply you with plenty to write about, and there are a couple of standard tactics you may utilize to elaborate on the term. Should you do, paraphrase the offered definition to steer clear of difficulties with plagiarism. Where to Find Samples of Definition Essay The topics for definition essays differ and the selection procedure separates the folks who understand how to compose a definition essay from the ones which do not. Similar to any other essay, a definition one has its peculiarities in addition to content requirements that should be met to be successful in the writing. Other forms of essays are wholly discussed in the next section. Narrative essays aren't written in 2nd person point-of-view. Such essay will help to understand many aspects of a ce rtain term and consider them within examples that are easy and actual, like the ones via an everyday life perspective. Since it is such a multifaceted concept that it's not really feasible to provide a universal definition that will completely cover all its aspects. Since you may see, the progression of the term health is a little muddled, and not exactly linear in meaning. A complete case of the delicate character of trust can be located in marriage. In order to be successful and get decent result, writer should select an abstract word. The duration of such writing is about half a page as it is sufficient to provide an extensive explanation. In most instances, you're going to be defining terms your readers will already have a simple comprehension of. In a definition essay, the normal definition is always the very first thing that readers start looking for to find a notion of what the writer is referring to. What Does Samples of Definition Essay Mean? A descriptive essay p resents an individual, place, or thing, in a manner that readers feel like it's in front of their eyes, or they are tasting it, or they can hear this, or they can smell it. The others that are attracted to that specific individual since they feel connected, happy, and comfortable around that individual. 1 person might say a hipster is somebody who follows all the hottest trends, while another might think that it is someone who has his own distinct style. Each person may have a different idea about what the term means. Samples of Definition Essay at a Glance There's an array of essay types, and every one of them are able to assist you in developing your abilities and widening your knowledge. If you're clueless as to the best way to begin an essay or whether you need suggestions regarding topics, our sample essay education can be of some assistance to you. To get the maximum grade for your essay, you need not just to fill it with pertinent info and dependable facts or examples from your own personal life. The most important significance of a concept analytical essay is to offer a more vivid evaluation along with explanation of the ideas that may appear ambiguous. In writing a literature essay, you've got to be clear and concise, and you ought to indicate the facets of the book that you plan to take care of. You could possibly be requested to select MLA, APA, Oxford, Harvard or one of different styles based on the major and subject you're studying. In such a circumstance, your essay will resemble a manual or instruction. Frequently students not only must learn to compose a definition essay but also to pick this issue by themselves. Most Noticeable Samples of Definition Essay The standard of definition paper is dependent upon the topic you opt for. Researching the historical part of a given word will not just offer more inspiration but in addition make your paper more credible. Don't forget that a definition paper is very different from several ot her essays and you must balance objective strategy, professional terms and a personalized approach to prove that you're not just able to collect information but can also allow it to be interesting for the audience. The format of your extended definition essay is dependent on the formatting style you will have to use. The outline of the definition essay will be different based on the intricacy of the topic. A concept essay is a kind of a literary essay piece that's utilized to present an idea or a topic with the sole goal of providing a very clear definition and explanation. If you still doubt whether you're able to deal with this kind of assignment for a definition essay alone, we're content to inform you that there's an exceptional solution! Any introduction provides a quick summary of the analyzed topic. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Samples of Definition Essay Is Wrong Its principal aim is to define the precise term, and you need to explain it not enjoy a dic tionary. Thus, there's not any reason to include things like a dictionary definition. A typical definition is essentially a dictionary definition of the word. The traditional definition given by the dictionary is important but you need to choose a word they have encountered and have some prior knowledge on. As you probably already know, simply because you've got a definition essay topic and a couple examples doesn't indicate you've got an essay. A definition essay can be hard to write. Usually, it is not complicated to write. Among the various types of essay, there's a definition essay that could appear to be among the most simple assignments. Hopefully, the discussions along with the essay examples presented above have enlightened you so that you are now able to start making your own essay. Possessing good essay examples provides the reader an in-depth and on-the-court idea about what a well structured and coherent essay appears like. Among the things to take into account in essay writing is to understand how to begin an essay. It's the basic, the biggest portion of definition essays. There's, clearly, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. You are going to be pleased to hear that we are able to deal with them all. Sure, finding new word definitions isn't all it takes, but it is typically a fine start. The Good, the Bad and Samples of Definition Essay To put it simply, an outline is a succinct review of your work, which highlights its major points. When you wish to explain a notion, you mus t have the most suitable quantity of vocabulary so you can explain your thoughts in great specifics. Rephrase the key sections of the definition and be certain you summed up everything you planned on saying. Another instance is the effect of television in changing the notion of beauty in little places.

The Basic Function Of A Police Officer - 936 Words

The Use of Force It is the basic function of a police officer to deal with any problems that might require the use of coercive force, according to Carl B. Klockars (Dempsey and Frost 2011). I feel it is how they uses that force is what makes the difference between a good officer and a bad one. This first example from (www.justice.gov) is of an officer that uses excessive force on a suspect that is already under control, the only good I seen out of this is that the other officer on the scene reported his conduct to their supervisor. This case arose from Boone s use of excessive force against Orville Hill during Hill’s arrest on Feb. 19, 2013. During the incident, Boone arrived at a scene where three fellow Des Moines police officers were holding Hill on the ground and a fourth officer was standing over the group. Boone ran up to the group and kicked Hill in the face, knocking out two of Hill’s teeth and breaking his nose. Other officers reported Boone’s conduct to supervisors after learning that Boone had submitted a written report in which he failed to account truthfully for his actions. On March 13, 2015, a jury found Boone guilty of violating Hill’s civil rights by using unreasonable force. My next example shows were an off-duty officer used a textbook case of the use of deadly force, I feel the suspect was hunting the officer and would have killed the officer given the chance. The Oct. 8 incident occurred after the 33-year veteran was heading home in his personalShow MoreRelatedThe Basic Function Of A Police Officer935 Words   |  4 PagesUse of Force It is the basic function of a police officer to deal with any problems that might require the use of coercive force according to Carl B. Klockars (Dempsey and Frost 2011). I feel it is how they uses that force is what makes the difference between a good officer and a bad one. This first example from (www.justice.gov) is of an officer that uses excessive force on a suspect that is already unter control, the only good i seen out of this is that the other officer on the scene reported hisRead MoreThe Predictive Policing Of Police Department1472 Words   |  6 Pagesanalysis to inform forward-thinking crime prevention. The police department will use a program called COMPSTAT, where the data is run through a process and then it can form a map to show to the police where the crime can occur before it took place in the areas. The police department can devote more time in the areas at risk of a crime. In this paper will compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police department performance to reduce crime versus random patrolsRead MoreWeek 21062 Words   |  5 Pages Police Functions Kyra Kirkland CJA/394 March 19, 2012 Dr. Hector Garcia Police Functions Over the years, police have been portrayed in the media, television shows, and the local newspaper as crime fighting heroes. This portrayal would make one think a police officer is always out doing a dangerous job, which may require shooting, beating up, or arrested the bad guy. The truth is, most officers will not make a felony arrest in a given year, and there are also many officers who have never firedRead MorePolice Department Roles and Functions943 Words   |  4 PagesPolice Department Roles and Functions CJA/214 September 20, 2012 Scott Mann Roles and Functions The Police Department must serve many roles and purposes so they also must take care of any issues that arise, dealing with the law or public safety. For this reason they have different specialized concentrations of officers designed to carry out certain functions. This also varies according to jurisdiction where there are state, local and even federal jurisdictions. This also affects what areRead MorePolice Officer Training Curriculum Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesPOLICE OFFICER TRAINING CURRICULUM The curriculum that is devised for a police officer is very important to the police officer and his or her success in their chosen career path. An officers training is also very important to the community in which they serve and the department in which they work. An officer must receive training in a variety of fields to help them be a well-rounded police officer. Officers receive training in such areas as: law, community relations, firearms, vehicle drivingRead MoreEssay on POLICE OFFICER TRAINING CURRICULUM1320 Words   |  6 Pages POLICE OFFICER TRAINING CURRICULUM nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The curriculum that is devised for a police officer is very important to the police officer and his or her success in their chosen career path. An officer’s training is also very important to the community in which they serve and the department in which they work. An officer must receive training in a variety of fields to help them be a well-rounded police officer. Officers receive training in such areas as: law, community relationsRead MorePolice Officers Vs. Roman Empire1005 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Police officers are required to maintain law and are bound by law themselves. Police functions are about the objective of the police; not what they do. Police provide assistance to the public 24 hours a day 7 days a week. For most people, just knowing that there are police officers driving or walking around it usually makes them feel more secure. Police officers tend to be a positive role model. History One of the earliest known methods of policing was called kin policing;Read MoreEssay on The Need for More Comprehensive Training of Police Officers737 Words   |  3 Pagestraining...more comparable to that provided social workers, schoolteachers, psychologists and lawyers, police would become more adept at preventing violence. I believe this to be true, yet I think that many police departments confuse quantity with quality, and divert funding to the wrong places in an effort to better themselves. Training needs to be at the forefront of any reform. A police force that is educated and experienced, with knowledge of the community will be much more successful atRead MorePolice Department Roles and Functions1039 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: POLICE DEPARTMENT ROLES AND FUNCTIONS Police Department Roles and Functions xxxxxx Axia College of University of Phoenix CJA/214 xxxxx Police Department Roles and Functions Law enforcement agencies range from local counties all the way up to state and federal levels. Communities are dependent of these agencies to conduct and perform many different roles and functions. All policing agencies perform the same basic duties and responsibilities, which are, maintain law andRead MoreThe Purpose Of The Police Force951 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose of the police force is to protect and serve while upholding Constitutional human rights. All police departments follow some code of honor that functionally swears them into oath that they will enforce laws while assisting and protecting the general populace. This much can be said about all police forces across the nation and of for the most part – the world. That being said, there is no exception in Aberdeen. Aberdeen’s department is composed of 45 active officers and 4 reserve officers along with

Essay on The Control Processes of Short and Long Term Memory

On a day-to-day basis humans are processing different information constantly. Have you ever wondered how this is possible? Have you ever wondered why you are able to obtain new information, store it, and then recall it for later usage? For example, how is it possible that we can study for a test one day, and then the next day we are able to retrieve that very information to use to take and pass a test? Because memory is an important cognitive process it helps us to record the past, so we are able to refer back to it at a later date. If humans didn’t have a memory, we would only be able to understand the present and our past wouldn’t exist. The urge to study how memory works and the concept behind, it has been around for many years.†¦show more content†¦This happens through three stages which include encoding, storage, and retrieval. Memory Encoding Before information is able to be stored successfully in our memory, information from our sensory input has to be changed into a form in which our brain is able to comprehend. For example, our perception of something may be different from how it is actually explained, so we have to â€Å"encode† it in order to better understand it. There are three main stages where encoding occurs; visual (picture), acoustic (sound), and semantic (meaning) (McLeod, 2007). We go through these three stages often without even realizing it. For example, when we have to remember a series of numbers for something, we may keep referring back to it so we have a mental image of it (visual), we may repeat it to ourselves ( acoustic), and it has to be significant to us otherwise we would have a need to remember it (semantic). Memory Storage Storage in the human memory is the second of the three processes. The process of storing information involves filtering out and filing information so our brain does not experience an information overload. The information our brain receives can be stored into our long-term, short-term or sensory memory. Memory storage also involves how long we are able to obtain that information and how much information our brain can actually withhold. According to Miller (1956) most adults are able to store between 5 andShow MoreRelatedThe Right Hemisphere Of The Brain1436 Words   |  6 PagesMemory plays a key role in all living organisms’ lives. The capability to memorize and therefore remember vital functions e.g. location of nutrient/water sources and manoeuvres of defence and or escape when faced with a predator (excluding plants) is the difference between an organisms survival. The human brain is an organ that serves as the centre of the nervous system and is responsible for all huma n functions (control centre of body) including memory, movement, the five senses, respiratory andRead MoreCognitive Load Theory Intersects With Human Cognitive Architecture1741 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive load theory intersects with human cognitive architecture by addressing working memory as limited to three to seven elements of information when the learning of new information is a requirement (Blissett, Cavalcanti, Sibbald, 2012). Yet, where there is familiarity of information, both capacity and duration limits of working memory are eliminated (Paas Ayres, 2014). Cognitive load theory introduces the prominence of cognitive schemas as a strategic approach toward the organizing andRead MoreEffects Of Marijuana On The Brain Centers Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesWestern Hemisphere, its cognitive effects robustly revolve around memory. There have been many studies done on the chemical effects that marijuana has on the brain centers concerned with memory and learning. There ar e more productive studies relating to the effects of cannabis on short-term memory that show different memory processes effected by this drug. Though there is not much knowledge on the effects the drug has on long-term memory due to suspected confounds that temper with the process of collectingRead MoreEssay on The Sophistication of the Brain1473 Words   |  6 Pagesand together they control all of the body’s important functions, such as motor functions, speech, vision, hearing and also involuntary functions like breathing. Many of these functions are localised to a specific area of the cerebrum. The cerebrum is split into four lobes; the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes, which are specialised to carry out their different roles. The cortex is divided into two hemispheres; the left hemisphere is associated with motor control, speech and languageRead MoreMemory Processses Essay examples1268 Words   |  6 PagesMemory Processes The human capacity for memory is unknown, and the process for remembering is an invisible, and therefore, an unsubstantiated concept. A discussion regarding the concepts of short-term, working, and long-term memory precedes an explanation of the encoding and retrieval in the memory processes. An evaluation of the variables associated with encoding and retrieval provides an understanding of the results from an online self-administered memory test. Although online memory assessmentsRead MoreMemory And Memory Of Memory971 Words   |  4 Pagesstore and remember so many memories throughout our lifespan, in our brain? A memory is a â€Å"faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information†, but how? Memories are stored in direct braincells and brain structures, which allow us to remember our memories. Some memories can depend on one single molecule for their life long remembrance, and replay of episodes. Memories are stored in two ways, short term memory and long-term memor y. These three different stages of memory allow us to take in andRead MoreThe Brain And Memory Processes Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe Brain and Memory Processes Katty Miles Psych1103 Psychology Core Concepts Erica Williams 9/23/2016 Miller- Motte College NC Brain and memory The Memory has different aspects and stages of processing information. The brain works with the memory and data on processing into the memory. The memory can be located in the brain senses and transfer all over the body and can send messages from the hippocampus and Werneck’s to the brainRead MoreThe Original General Model Of Memory Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesThe original general model of memory was proposed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin in 1968. The Attkinson-Shiffrin theory of human memory states that human memory can be classified into three components: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory (Atkinson, Shiffrin, 1968). Sensory memory is where sensory information is brought into memory and maintained by the senses. For instance, when a person perceives an environmental stimulus for a short time before it fades, the objectRead MoreThe Many Functions of The Brain Essays1242 Words   |  5 Pagesfunctions in which it helps process and understands information. One aspect of the brain is its memory. Memory is there so information can be used to understand what is happening around someone. The function of memory is somewhat of an enigma to many scientists. How does the brain store and retrieve such information and at such high speeds? Although it is hard to conceive the actual machine working behind memory scientist have been able to figure out the physiology behind this process. The brain isRead MoreChapter3 OS Essentials Essays633 Words   |  3 Pagesdifferences among short-term, medium term, and long-term scheduling? Answer: The short-term scheduler selects from the ready processes the next process to run and gives it the CPU. The long-term scheduler selects from the pool of processes that are waiting on disk and loads the selected processes into memory. These processes have not yet begun their execution. The medium-term scheduler takes processes that are currently in memory and selects those to be swapped out to disk. These processes will be swapped

Business Environment and Its Impact on Premier Food Free Essays

string(131) " government policy Premier Food Continued commitment to ELK sourcing such as Hoops bread made from flour 100% garnered in the I-J\." The peripheral environment includes of different kinds of aspects out of the company doors that typically onto have much control over. Managing the strengths of internal operations and recognizing potential opportunities and threats outside of company’s operations are keys to business success. Premier Food is one the famous and largest retailer in UK which is primarily renowned for food manufacturing. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Environment and Its Impact on Premier Food or any similar topic only for you Order Now Premier Food is well managed in its internal and external factors which lead them to progress successfully. TASK 1 I(a) Purpose of Different types Of Organization Premier Foods Premier Foods produces a range of own-label products across many food categories. Premises major markets are the United Kingdom’s biggest food tillers, wholesalers and convenience stores, and food manufacturers. They have a crystal clear defined plan of merging reflected in the recent addition of the premier product like Ox, Botchers and Homicide. Their expertise passes over in a wide range of food and drink sectors, and reputation of their comprehensive range means that they have an annual group turnover of over IEEE million. By owning some of the Auk’s most recognized food brands, they additionally manufacture hundreds of products that cater for the food accommodation industry and are introduced to supply retailer branded food product to the Auk’s popular food retailers. Avoidance It is a major international telecommunication corporation with coverage in 29 countries and partnership contact with a further 42 countries including Safari in Kenya. It has almost 75,000 workers in all over the world and in 2014 had more than 295 million clients. In the UK, almost 25 million people are using Avoidance services for communication. Avoidance’s goal is ‘to be the world’s telecommunication leader and a key element of this is to build a good relationship with the customer by trust and admiration. The company ensures this by taking a relevant step by which they are contending their equines in all over the world. By taking this type of approach they increase its reputation and builds customer loyalty. Its corporate techniques and its Corporate Responsibility (CRY) techniques are internally linked. Avoidance be certain of their long-term retailing achievement emanate from contemning business in an imperishable way. (b) Central economy VS. Market economy In market economy, market prefers mutually beneficial exchange between producer and consumer and system that rely on markets. That means what to produce determined by consumer, how to produce is determined by the reducer and who gets the products depends in the purchasing power of the consumer. On the other hand, in central economy the production o f goods and services is undertaken by state-owned enterprises. That means an economic system in which decisions are taken by the government rather than by the interaction between consumers and businesses. Both this system generally used to prevent economic problem. In market economy the price Of the product is always fluctuating. As a result sometimes it’s very hard to grab the customer in one product. Also there have some opportunity for the producer like a great revenue opportunity. On the basis of the physical and tactical position both premier food and Avoidance can survive on that following economic decision. But as premier food is a food manufacturer, they are very flexible in central economy rather than market economy because the coordination of scarce resources at times of crisis, such as a war or natural disaster. Free markets also fail at times to allocate resources efficiently, so remedies often involve the allocation of resources by government to compensate for these failures. As for Avoidance, they can survive in both economic systems. 1 (C) Identify Reasons Of stable demand Of rimier food The strategy of Premier food is very simple. They produce safe and reliable food that give the customer satisfaction and produce a great variety of product that gives opportunity to the customer to taste different flavor. That’s why consumer always attracted to the company’s product. Over the last 1 0 years company expand its business globally. They did an agreement with the Gores group to improve their operational infrastructure and to upgrade their technology. As a result they are now manufacturing more foods effectively and ensuring more safety measure to the food’s safety. Also recently they are selected a telecommunication provider AVOIDANCE to provide integrated communication. So that its gives the company to boost their marketing strategy. So on my perspective; think Company’s customer environment is better than 10 years ago. I(d) Objective of the different Stockholders Premier food is the largest food manufacturing company in ASK. So they are greatly affected by their stakeholder like customer, employees, government, community, owner etc. The customer of premier is always seeking for safe and reliable product and value for money. The employees of the company ho give their best to make the business successful want job security, job satisfaction. Company must ensure that want to give better service to the consumer. The government manages the economy so company must give them Taxes and ensuring new job opportunities. 1 (E) Responsibilities to the Stakeholders Premier food is maintaining a good relation with the consumer. As a result they are now able to find out the solution of relevant problem very effectively. Company offers a great Variety of product which give opportunity to the customer to taste different product. Employees are the major element of the company. So company gives them proper satisfaction by paying them properly and ensuring a great job environment. Premier foods audit their financial statement time o time. This will make the government to feel that they are following their rules and regulations. Moreover they are paying taxes properly. TASK 2 2(a) PESTLE Analysis political UK Government is very much concern about the condition and derivation of the food people eat. They also want to make sure that food is originated in very ethical way, with give attention in the environment, which is generally accepted welfare standards are practiced. As per government policy Premier Food Continued commitment to ELK sourcing such as Hoops bread made from flour 100% garnered in the I-J. You read "Business Environment and Its Impact on Premier Food" in category "Papers" Premier Food always maintain a strong food Safety unit to check the food that produced by them. Economic In the world, the United Kingdom has one of the paced increasing food and drink markets. Only the food and drink category achieves sales and paramount magnification areas lie in value integrated products I. E. Ready foods or Non-European prescription. Premier foods presumed that the UK cuisine market is extremely competitive, ‘inductively authorizing consistent product origin and dependable supplier whilst finding more competitive racing and innovative incipient products’. On that purpose Premier Foods make an agreement with an private investment firm named Gores Group trading as Hoops Ltd that help them to introduce new technology to smooth transition. Social Over the year premier Foods made further significant progress in their four major Corporate Social Responsibility (CARS) sector of retail place, Environment, Workplace and Community involvement. They also gives bolster to local charitable party in a regular period and motivates their workers to organize various activity and grow money to support in the good causes near o where they work such as Employees raised a fantastic IEEE,OHO for corporate charity partner ‘Cancer Research KICK’. Technological To build new technology, Premier foods make an agreement with the Gores Group that help them to smooth Transition. Legal Premier foods operate in an industry where it is very difficult to have a product that is different to its competitors, when they do release a product with an innovative capability it is vital to protect the rights to it through patents, copyright, trademarks or design to ensure they are not â€Å"stolen† by their competitors. Not only are competitors a threat of intellectual, but Premier food must ensure they do not fall victim to counterfeiters. Environmental The company started to give five star environmental awards to their entire production site in 2009 in order to maintaining the environment from any kind of disaster. The scheme is a benchmark ascertaining ‘energy utilization, waste, dehydrogenate monoxide utilization and carbon dioxide emissions are meticulously monitored. They also use unfriendly machine and work environment which has a adverse effect on polluting environment. They always try to maintain CEO friendly Environment. 2(B) How following factors Effect premier Foods Unemployment Rate: unemployment denotes being fired from the firm or corporation or positions where the people want to work in affirm or company but retain none. Unemployment is one of the most paramount macroeconomic be speaker to quantify the efficiency of an economy. If one person fired from his job then one person is less from the economy who will not pay state and federal income taxes, one fewer individual who will not able to pay additional retail tax income as a work less worker will fixating on curtail on their dispensable additional spending due to less expandable income and very much worried bout further economical security. As a food manufacturer, it will effect on their selling. ICP inflation For the day to day consumer, it means prices for things go up. But, if the ICP is rising quicker than people average wages, then the consumer’s purchasing power declines. They can’t buy as much as whatever it is as they did in the past. So it has great effect on Premier Foods. Interest Rate Interest rates are a quotidian element of business.. Companies focus exuberance on money they scrounge, and when they have adventitious money, they apprehend ebullience when they ascertain that cash in a secure investment. Companies additionally complaint enthusiasm when the company’s consumers purchase goods and accommodations on credit. A elevates or reduction in enthusiasms returns have a great effect on this business performance as well as the purchasing style of the company’s consumers. As premier food is a very big manufacturing organization so they also need to get loan from the financial institution. As a result this factor has a great impact on the Premier food. Exchange rates Exchange rate is an important tool in international trade. Without this, it is not possible to trade. If the Premier’s goods become expensive in other countries cause of international trade then those foreigners will not purchase those goods. RIP Inflation: Retail price index measures the change in the cost of a basket of retail goods and services. So if the index shows high rate then it will create great effect on company’s price of the product. If the price of the product increases then the customer may not give attraction to the product. So it’s necessary to control the RIP inflation. 2(C) Indication of social and cultural factors affecting consumers which lie behind Premier Foods Premier Foods have 30 food manufacturing sites, 12 distribution depots and flour mills across the United Kingdom, working almost 19,000 people. Many of their production areas have a long past with a intense relationship with their local neighborhood. For example, Ambrosia has been making popular dairy-based products, at the same site in Devon, since it was established in 1917. The Creamery began with only a dozen Staff and now employs 270 local people; over its 93 year history, generations of families have worked at the production areas. Each of their sites has a neighborhood winner who along with their working partner determines which local charities and movements o get presuppose with and support. In December 201 1, the agreement with CRUD, a charitable organization is come to end. The partnership with CRUD is recognized in a great accomplishment, the company’s entire worker did a hard work and activities for CRUD so much, and as consequence of the employee’s activities they raised IEEE,OHO against an initial target to raise IEEE,OHO. At the end of 2010, they again asked all their employees to nominate their preferred charity partner for 2011 and 2012. The charity with most votes was â€Å"Help for Heroes†. Although company Specialized with various mind of brands like OX, Quern , Hoops, Botchers and Brannon Pickle which make them power brand of the country. For that following reasons Premier foods now recognized as both power and support Brands. 2(D) Choosing the Right Strategy Premier Foods now established as UK leading food manufacturer, specializing in many consumer brand product like OX, Quern, Hoops, Botchers and Brannon Pickle. It is predicted that 99% of UK population buy at least one premier product in each year. Their employee’s efficiency and management skill and adopting new technology increases the production, its quality and ells. In recent strategy change they linked with Avoidance which help to boost in their marketing support. So in this prospect they have to expand their business in different European country. As a result they can use different environmental advantage to boost their production and cutting marginal cost. So on my perspective; they need to concentrate on expansion. Task 3 3(a) Significance of International Trade International trade is mutually beneficial for two countries. It is important for the I-J so that it can maintain its economics strengths and improve in an increasingly competitive global economy. There are many important elements that are important about international trade, economic strengths and global markets. Without international trade business would not be as profitable and economies would suffer. If UK leaves IF, then it will create a great impact on economy. If UK based company had to only retail and trade their manufacturing item internally, never retailing or presuming their items to customer in another marketplace or countries, the government of the country would completely restricted Its percept. They may earn a steady trade from UK customer, but they wouldn’t be prosperous to increment as much as if the many retailed with ten other countries realtor. Additionally it withal engender a disadvantage for the company. EX. is a free traded area where products are able to move independently with no border maintenance and no import VAT and obligations. On the other hand, Business like premier Food has to give additional cost for import goods or raw material. So, it will be a bad news for Premier Food. 3(b) Impact of global factor in UK business Premier food and Avoidance, both have face loss if UK leaves EX.. They have to cost more money than before to continue their business in EX.. They are not blew to do their activities independently with no border maintenance and no import VAT and obligation in all EX. country. Avoidance is more lose than Premier Food because they spread their business in most of the EX. country. For this decision they have pay more money and as a result it will create a great impact on their consumer mobile billing system which is not so good for the company. 3(C) Impact of EX. policy in LIKE UK economy is greatly influenced by the ELI membership in a number of ways. One of the most important effects rise through the Single Market, the element of economic integration through which the Else’s ‘four freedoms’ are established. EX. has a great combination in their policy which affects the other policy too. The EX. maintain a great relationship with other countries outside the community to negotiate retail and to make investment and the competence is a man made community with a general peripheral tax on imported products. This relationship thus contributes a deep affects the Auk’s trade relations with non-E members. An expanded EX. creates new markets for the UK exports. It allows the I-J firms to enjoy the benefits of economies of scale and so gain from trade. New markets for UK exports and increased intention from new member’s countries should increase dynamic efficiency. The UK firms like Avoidance and Premier food in the traded goods and service sectors will be forced to improve their competitiveness. The UK will have a good trade relation with other countries. There will be a trade creation. Conclusion From the above observations premier Food have to monitor some important issue. Premier food is a Food manufacturing company beside that is a listed company in the London Stock Exchange. They started from a small scale but now reached the global arena. They should be more attentive to meet the objectives of its stakeholders. How to cite Business Environment and Its Impact on Premier Food, Papers

Presentation of the Mother Figure in House of Bernarda Alba and House of the Spirits Essay Example For Students

Presentation of the Mother Figure in House of Bernarda Alba and House of the Spirits Essay According to Victoria Secunda, mothers are their childrens role model, their biological and emotional road map, the arbiter of all their relationships . The most prevailing influence anything can have on the child is the influence of the mother. In literature, the archetypal mothers represent fertility, warmth, the protection of home and are very nurturing. However, mothers are not always presented in the role of the archetypal mother. House of Bernarda Alba is a darkly satiric play written in Spain by Federico Garcia Lorca. It criticizes the societys morals on the issue of tradition during a fascistic regime during Spanish civil war. House of the Sprits written by the Chilean author Isabel Allende reflects the political situation of Chile as told through the journal entries of Clara. How do Federico Garcia Lorca and Isabel Allende present the mother figure and what is the significance? Although House of the Spirits and House of Bernarda are both female dominated books with a similar cultural background, their portrayals of the mother figures are extremely different. Bernarda from In House of Bernarda Alba by Federico Garcia, the mother is presented as domineering tyrant who is ignorant of her daughters needs, who is unfit as a nurturing mother. In House of the Spirits by Isabel Allende, although Clara the main mother figure is presented as distant and is if in a world of her own. Both authors present their mothers through tradition, the relationships they have with their children and as representatives of different political beliefs; Bernarda as a fascist ruler and Clara as a liberal. In both texts the mothers ability to be nurturing are seen through their relationships with their children. There is a strong connection between Clara and her daughter, Blanca. Despite the grotesque images of Blanca after her birth, in which she is described as a cruel joke House of the Spirits, Isabel Allende, 101 Blanca is an uglier, hairier child than usual Allende, 101, Clara continues to show her maternal instinct as an archetypal mother to a certain extent. After the birth of her daughter, Clara discovered the joy of being alive Allende, 101 and went everywhere with her little girl Allende. 101. Allende manages to gain reader sympathy for Clara by making her have many aspects of the archetypal mother. However, Bernardas distant relationship with Adela shows does not create reader sympathy. Allende also uses diction to present the mother figures, seen as she mainly uses dialogue to emphasize conflict or other forms of tension. However, the dialogue used between the females and by mostly by Clara is more peaceful and understanding which emphasizes her maternal feelings. As opposed to Claras daughter, Bernardas daughters reveal that Bernarda is unfit as a nurturing mother, revealing Lorcas satire of the maternal female stereotype. Her daughters were always were both physically and verbally always arguing House of Bernarda Alba, Federico Garcia, 183. Also, Bernardas unstable relationship with her daughters reflects Lorcas satire of the mother-child and political relationship, since Bernarda is seen as a mother and as a dictator. Her failure as a mother also shows that Through tradition the mother figures are also presented. Bernarda is focused on keeping tradition and enforcing her views to any extent. This behavior of hers is representative of the Fascist leaders in Spain, who also control the lives of their people. Bernarda became blind and ignorant of her daughters needs by keeping them under her fascist rule. Throughout the play, the setting has been very lifeless which is shown through the lack of extravagant furniture and the white walls. This contrasts to the house on the corner which had many passages that reflects the complexity of Claras character. White is symbolic of purity and cleanliness and emptiness. All of these features are descriptive of the life the daughters of Bernarda are forced to lead. In fact, the family name Alba means white. White is a very traditional colour, ironically the frequent use of white in the setting reflects the fascist rule Bernarda has kept her daughters under. .u59e7bf9e938ec09474ff922dfdb20421 , .u59e7bf9e938ec09474ff922dfdb20421 .postImageUrl , .u59e7bf9e938ec09474ff922dfdb20421 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u59e7bf9e938ec09474ff922dfdb20421 , .u59e7bf9e938ec09474ff922dfdb20421:hover , .u59e7bf9e938ec09474ff922dfdb20421:visited , .u59e7bf9e938ec09474ff922dfdb20421:active { border:0!important; } .u59e7bf9e938ec09474ff922dfdb20421 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u59e7bf9e938ec09474ff922dfdb20421 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u59e7bf9e938ec09474ff922dfdb20421:active , .u59e7bf9e938ec09474ff922dfdb20421:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u59e7bf9e938ec09474ff922dfdb20421 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u59e7bf9e938ec09474ff922dfdb20421 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u59e7bf9e938ec09474ff922dfdb20421 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u59e7bf9e938ec09474ff922dfdb20421 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u59e7bf9e938ec09474ff922dfdb20421:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u59e7bf9e938ec09474ff922dfdb20421 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u59e7bf9e938ec09474ff922dfdb20421 .u59e7bf9e938ec09474ff922dfdb20421-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u59e7bf9e938ec09474ff922dfdb20421:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare the two poems â€Å" 'Boy driving his father to confession' by Seamus Heaney and 'Praise song for my mother' by Grace Nichols EssayAlso, the white colour is a sharp contrast to the black dress of the women in mourning as they enter the stage. The white of the walls serves to exaggerate the black of their dresses. It seems to the reader that they are only wearing the mourning shrouds to observe tradition and that it is not really reflective of their actual feelings. Through the complexity of the mothers and how nurturing they are either reader judgment or sympathy is created. The reader feels no sympathy towards Bernarda since she refuses to accept the truth and re mains ignorant until the end of the play. Bernarda gains no insight towards the end of the play. Her blindness still causes her to ignore her daughters death but focus more on keeping tradition, through her repetition of ring the bells twice, my daughter died a virgin Lorca, 211. It is clear to the reader that Adela did not die a virgin and since Bernarda refuses to accept the fact, causes the reader to judge her. Bernardas lack of motherly affection causes Adela to rebel and leads to her eventual death. However, since House of Bernarda Alba is a short play, Bernarda is not that physiologically developed as the characters in House of the Spirits, therefore the reader does not know what had affected her to behave in such a manner. If Lorca had given some background on Bernarda the reader may have felt a different way. Clara on the other hand while being lost in the realm of the supernatural she is able to support her child and give her the ability to nurture her own daughter as well. However, because Clara is constantly in a world of her own and does not pay attention to the things happening around her, this causes the reader to judge her, creating reader tension. Although she may not be as nurturing, she does provide her children with emotional support. As opposed to House of the Bernarda Alba, the reader knows Claras background and why she is constantly lost in her own world, therefore reader conflict is created. The effects of Claras death emphasize how important she has been even at the moments when her presence was not actively felt. The wilting of the flowers House of the Spirits, Isabel Allende, 280 and the death of the plants represent her subtle presence as the life force of the family. The description of Clara during her life suggests that she herself probably did not remember to water the plants on a regular basis. Clara did however talk to the plants and flowers and cared for their well being. Clara had cared for all living things, although she may have temporarily forgotten, about them she still provided them with care. The deterioration of the house as a whole after Claras passing demonstrates, how nurturing her presence was. In each of the books the characters represent a different political opinion. Bernarda and Clara represent opposite opinions of the political system. Bernardas domineering tyrannical nature represents the fascistic leader of Spain, while Clara represents the more liberal opinion. The oppression of her daughters causes them to rebel and although there are no men introduced in the play, they become dependent on them. Also, since Bernarda behaves like a man it could explain why the daughters become so dependent and afraid of men. They are too afraid to rebel against their mother, other than Adela, because they have become dependent on her wealth. On the other hand, in House of the Spirits Clara is seen as the liberal, rebel figure. Her refusal to speak Allende, 28, which was first motivated by fear, is seen as her assertion of her individuality. .u536379976aca1fd1f9ad35c1c591fdb0 , .u536379976aca1fd1f9ad35c1c591fdb0 .postImageUrl , .u536379976aca1fd1f9ad35c1c591fdb0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u536379976aca1fd1f9ad35c1c591fdb0 , .u536379976aca1fd1f9ad35c1c591fdb0:hover , .u536379976aca1fd1f9ad35c1c591fdb0:visited , .u536379976aca1fd1f9ad35c1c591fdb0:active { border:0!important; } .u536379976aca1fd1f9ad35c1c591fdb0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u536379976aca1fd1f9ad35c1c591fdb0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u536379976aca1fd1f9ad35c1c591fdb0:active , .u536379976aca1fd1f9ad35c1c591fdb0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u536379976aca1fd1f9ad35c1c591fdb0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u536379976aca1fd1f9ad35c1c591fdb0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u536379976aca1fd1f9ad35c1c591fdb0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u536379976aca1fd1f9ad35c1c591fdb0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u536379976aca1fd1f9ad35c1c591fdb0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u536379976aca1fd1f9ad35c1c591fdb0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u536379976aca1fd1f9ad35c1c591fdb0 .u536379976aca1fd1f9ad35c1c591fdb0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u536379976aca1fd1f9ad35c1c591fdb0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Direct Act 3 Scene 5 of 'Romeo and Juliet' from Enter Mother (Lady Capulet below) to the end of the scene EssaySilence is her form of passive aggressiveness and a method of inner reflection and healing, although it is not seen as normal it is a form of her rebellious character. In conclusion House of Bernarda Alba and House of the Spirits provide the reader with different roles mothers can play and the effects that they have on their children. By the end of the play Bernarda is still ignorant of her daughters needs, despite the fact that one of her daughters had died because of her ignorance. She gains no insight towards the end of play which provides no hope for the reade r. The ending seems to be unresolved because Bernarda continues to be a repressive force within the household, as seen in when the play ends with her yelling silence House of Bernarda Alba, Federico Garcia, 211 showing that there is still chaos within in the household. However, in House of the Spirits, despite that Clara had died before the book had ended there is a resolution, the reader is shown that all conflicts are resolved and that there is hope for the characters. The House of the Spirits mainly depicts the growth of the feminine consciousness over many generations. Allendes mother figures do not fit societys stereotypical expectations and they are uniquely strong. They are able to emotionally and spiritually provide for their children and also are able to gain insight on their lives by escaping societys harshness through their relationships. As Erich Fromm once said the mother-child relationship is paradoxical and, in a sense, tragic. It requires the most intense love on the mothers side, yet this very love must help the child grow away from the mother, and to become fully independent.